普通启动：SQL> show parameter pfileNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0                                                 /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilesingle1.or a以pfile启动SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/pfile.oraORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  413372416 bytesFixed Size                  2253784 bytesVariable Size             314575912 bytesDatabase Buffers           92274688 bytesRedo Buffers                4268032 bytesSQL> alter database mount;Database altered.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL>    show parameter pfile;NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------spfile                               stringSQL>that's the difference.